Apps DBA Interview Questions
1.What is Online Patching?
Online patching is a new patching mechanism that is available with R12.2 that allows the application of patches while the system is up and running, and the users are working as normal.
2.Which Oracle E-Business Suite releases Online Patching feature is available?
Online patching is used with Oracle E-Business Suite 12.2 and higher.
3.What types of patch are applied online?
All Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12.2 patches are applied online. This includes one-off patches, patch rollups, consolidated updates and security patches.
4.What is the Online Patching cycle?
The Online Patching Cycle is a sequence of inter-related steps (phases) used to apply patches to an Oracle E-Business Suite system.
5.What tool is used to apply online patches?
The AD Online Patching (adop) command-line utility is used to manage the Online Patching cycle.adop invokes adpatch is the background only.
6.Is there any downtime in Online Patching?
There is a short period of downtime when the application tier services are shut down and restarted. The database remains open all the time.
7.Once I upgrade to Release 12.2, can I still apply patches in the traditional way?
No. All patches for Release 12.2 will be online patches. The traditional, pre-12.2 method of applying patches will not work.There are option like downtime and hotpatch which works more like traditional way but they are used for patches directed by Oracle
8.What is the Online Patching infrastructure?
This infrastructure includes database objects edition and patch/run file system components.
9.Does Online Patching require the 11gR2 Oracle Database feature?
Yes. Online patching depends on the Edition Based Redefinition (EBR) feature that was introduced in the Oracle 11gR2 Database. Most notably, EBR allows edition of code objects in the database. To do this, it provides new object types such as editions, edition views, and cross-edition triggers, all of which are part of the Online Patching infrastructure.
10.What are the phases that make up the Online Patching cycle?
The Online Patching cycle consists of the following phases:
a) Prepare a virtual copy (patch edition) of the running application (run edition).
b) Apply patches to the patch edition of the application.
c) Finalize the system in readiness for the cutover phase.
d) Cutover to the patch edition and make it the new run edition.
e) Cleanup obsolete definitions or data to recover space.
11.What downtime is required during an Online Patching cycle? or as the name spells online,there is no downtime in the whole process?
The cutover phase requires a short period of downtime (typically a few minutes) for transition tasks such as a restart of the application tier services.
12.Is any downtime required for the database tier?
No. In fact, the database needs to be up and running during each phase of the Online Patching cycle.
13.How does Online Patching work on the application tier?
During Release 12.2 installation, Rapid Install will lay down two copies of the application tier file system. One of the copies will be labeled as the run file system, and the other as the patch file system. Subsequently, when a patch is applied, adop will:
1.Synchronize the contents of the run file system to the patch file system. This happens during the prepare phase.
2.Perform patching actions on the patch file system. This happens during the apply phase.
3.Finally, during the cutover phase, the adop utility restarts the application tier services. The patch file system is then promoted to be the new run file system, and the old run file system becomes the patch file system for the next patching cycle.
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Note that a third file system, the non-editioned file system (fs_ne), is created to store files containing data that is needed across all file systems,such as log files.
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14.How do I apply Oracle Fusion Middle-ware patches in Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12.2?
During the apply phase of an Online Patching cycle, you apply Oracle Fusion Middle-ware patches to the Oracle homes of the patch edition file system. Then, after the cut over phase is complete, you synchronize the file systems by performing an fs_clone operation.
15.Can I use the patch edition for testing and development purposes?
As a specialized component of the Online Patching infrastructure, the patch edition is not supported for use as a test environment. You should continue to employ a separate, dedicated test environment.
16.Can Online Patching be used with database technologies such as Active Dataguard and Flashback?
Yes. Online patching can be used alongside Active Dataguard and Flashback. Infact we can use flashback to rollback the changes after the final cutover.
17.Does Online Patching increase the network port requirements on an Oracle E-Business Suite instance?
Yes. Online patching requires an additional set of network ports for the Oracle WebLogic Server managed servers on the second file system. During the cutover phase, the managed servers run simultaneously on the patch file system and run file system for a brief period, in a rolling transition process.
18.Is it possible to abort an Online Patching session?
Yes. Up to cutover, you can run the abort phase to undo the changes made so far in the patching cycle. It is not possible to back out patches once cutover is complete.
19.Is the shared APPL_TOP configuration supported with Online Patching?
Yes. A shared APPL_TOP configuration is supported and recommended for multi-node application tier implementations in Release 12.2.
20.How does adop work in a multi-node environment?
The adop Online Patching tool uses remote APIs and ssh login to execute patching operations on remote nodes in a multi-node environment. The node that launches adop becomes the ‘master’ node, and the remote nodes are referred to as ‘slaves’.
21.How do I determine the status of my Online Patching session?
You can run the adop -status command. This will display information that includes phases completed and the time taken. If you want additional details of operations performed, you can run the adop -status -detail command.
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FNDCPASS will update some FND tables other than standard tables.
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$COMMON_TOP/admin/log
Or
$APPLCSF/$APPLLOG
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- Internal Concurrent Manager – Will start all other managers and monitor.
- Standard Manager – All concurrent request by default will go to this.
- Conflict Resolution Manager – Concurrent programs with incompatibilities will be handled.
- Transaction Manager – Handle all transaction requests.
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Target is the number of concurrent processes a manager is supposed to start.
Actual is the number of processes a manager started actually.
Target and Actual should be always same.
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It means at operating system level resources are low to accommodate the required processes for concurrent managers.
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Work shifts are nothing but timings at which the concurrent manager is supposed to run.
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We need to bounce the concurrent manager using adcmctl.sh
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DBC file contain database connection information. DBC file is used by oracle applications to connect to database.
Its location is $FND_TOP/secure
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GSM stands for Generic service Manager, which will monitor application processes like web, forms etc and restarts any of this processes if goes down.
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Rapid Clone is the new cloning utility introduced in Release 11.5.8.
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First, verify that your system is AutoConfig enabled. Then, verify that you have applied the latest Rapid Clone patch.
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Adsplicer is a utility used to register off cycle products.
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License manager (adlicmgr) utility is used to license/unlicensed , enable new languages, enable country specific functionality.
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It can vary from different Patches but, we can even apply a patch without enabling maintenance mode with the following option
Adpatch options=hotpatch
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Run wfver.sql at $FND_TOP/sql script as apps user
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select fnd_web_sec.validate_login(‘SYSADMIN’,’Qwert8765′) from dual;
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Below is how FNDCPASS works.
a) APPLSYS validation. (make sure APPLSYS name is correct)
b) Re-encrypt all password in FND_USER
c) Re-encrypt all password in FND_ORACLE_USERID
d) Update applsys’s password in FND_ORACLE_USERID
e) Update apps password in FND_ORACLE_USERID table.
Also changes are made in DBA_USERS table
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a) Create a Tablespace in the Database for custom schema.
b) Create Schema
c) Grants Connect and Resource to schema
d) Make the directory structure for your custom application files.
e) Create Custom Environment file in APPL_TOP directory
f) Register your Oracle Schema.
g) Login to Applications with System Administrator responsibility
Navigate to Application–>Register
Register Oracle User
Naviate to Security–>Oracle–>Register
h) Add Application to a Data Group
Navigate to Security–>Oracle–>DataGroup
i)Create custom request group, custom menu etc
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.PLS file stands for plsql files. In apps patch these files contain code to create package spec or package body or both.
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.ldt & .lct stands for Loader data file & Loader configuration files, used frequently in migrating customization, profile options, configuration data etc.
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You set profile options at the following levels:
Site level
Application level
Responsibility level
User level
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Apps Listener usually run on all Oracle Application Nodes with listener alias as APPS_$SID and is mainly used for listening requests for services like FNDFS & FNDSM.
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lsnrctl start APPS_$SID
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- Adctrl is one of the ad-utilities, which is used to check the status of workers and to manage the workers.
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We can skip a worker using option 8 in adctrl which is hidden. We will go for skipping a worker when we have executed the job which the worker is supposed to do.
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With every patch there is a file called b.ldt file which contains the pre-requisite information. Adpatch load this into database using FNDLOAD and check, whether those pre-requisite patches were applied or not.
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FNDLOAD is a utility which is similar to SQL-LOADER but loads code objects into database, where as SQL-LOADER loads data objects into database.
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C-driver copies the files from patch unzipped directory to required location in the application file system. Before copying, it will check the file version of the existing file at the file system with file version in the patch. If the patch file version is higher than the file at file system level, only then C-driver will copy that files.
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With each patch a file with name f.ldt is delivered , which contain the file versions. Adpatch will use this file to compare the file versions with the file on file system.
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$APPL_TOP/admin/[SID-name]/log
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a) Interactive – default mode
b) Non interactive – Use defaults files to store prompt values (adpatch defaultsfile= interactive=no)
b) Test – Without actually applying a patch just to check. (adpatch apply=no)
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Autoconfig is an adutility which is used to maintain application environment and configuration files.
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Context file name and APPS user password.
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Context file is a central repository, which stores all application configuration information.
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- Open any .env or configuration files, the first few lines will tell u that this files are maintained by autoconfig.
- If contextname.xml file is there in $APPL_TOP/admin
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- Autoconfig will go to each and every top template directory take the templates from there and fill the values from context.xml file and create the required files.
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It will check for the corrupted objects in apps schema
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It will compile the invalid database objects.
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select count(*) from dba_objects where status=’INVALID’;
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Adrelink will relink the executables with the libraries. Generally we go for adrelink when some patch delivers some library files, or when executable were corrupted.
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This utility is used to recreate/repair corrupted database objects from ODF(object definition files) files.
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- Yes, We can run unless you are running a process where workers are involved.
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No, because it will create tables while running first session when you start the 2nd session it will fail.
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Opatch is utility to apply database patch , In order to find Opatch version execute $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
You can check OPatch -lsinventory
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By writing ls -la in a linux terminal.
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Top is a operating system command, it will display top 10 processes which are taking high cpu and memory.
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A patch can be a solution for a bug/it can be a new feature.
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Oneoff, mini packs, family packs, maintenance packs, rollup patches, consolidated patches.
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An oneoff patch is a small patch of (20 to 90KB size) without any pre-requisites.
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A mini pack is one which will upgrade any product patchset level to next level like AD.H to AD.I
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A Family pack is one which will upgrade the patchset level of all the products in that family to particular patchset level.
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A maintenance pack will upgrade applications from one version to another like 12.0.6 to 12.1.1.
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A rollup patch is one which will deliver bug fixes identified after the release of any major application versions like 12.1.1 to 12.1.3
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Ad_applied_patches
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A patch can deliver solution for more than one bug, ad_applied_patches may not give u the perfect information as in case of ad_bugs.
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Mostly Applications Patches are applied through adpatch.
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APPS and SYSTEM user passwords
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Adpatch will create FND_INSTALL_PROCESSES and AD_DEFERRED_JOBS table when it will apply D, G and U drivers.
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FND_INSTALL_PROCESSES table will store the worker information like what job is assigned to which worker and its status. AD_DEFERRED_JOBS will come into picture when some worker is failed, it will be moved to AD_DEFERRED_JOBS table, from where again adpatch will take that job and try to reasign, after doing this 3 times if still that worker is failing, then adpatch will stop patching and throw the error that particular worker has failed.
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We need to apply C,D,G on concurrent node and C, G on web node. If it is U-driver we need to apply it on all nodes.
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Yes, because adpatch will connect to database and updates database tables.
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